批判性思维视角下科学知识与人文知识的融合及其教学启示

The Fusion of Subject Knowledge and Humanistic Knowledge Its Teaching Enlightenment from the Perspective of Critical Thinking

科学知识和人文知识的分化逐渐加深了两类知识之间的隔阂与对立。将批判性思维引入两类知识的探讨旨在以批判性思维作为弥合两类知识分裂之突破口。科学知识中的批判性思维重在对客观真理的追寻,具体指向对逻辑思维不足、神学和迷信的批判。人文知识中的批判性思维重在对精神世界的观照,具体指向对技术主义弊端和绝对客观主义的批判。尽管科学知识和人文知识中批判性思维的特点不尽相同,但批判性思维强调科学知识和人文知识的自我反思,这为批判性思维促进两类知识的融合提供了可能性。从起点、过程、目的三个层面建构批判性思维促进科学知识和人文知识融合的路径,并在此基础上进一步提出构建"科学—人文"知识教学联合体以达成批判性思维视角下知识融合的教学。

The differentiation of scientific knowledge and humanistic knowledge gradually deepens the estrangement and opposition between the two kinds of knowledge.Introducing critical thinking into the discussion of the two kinds of knowledge aims to take critical thinking as a breakthrough to bridge the split of the two.The characteristics of critical thinking in scientific knowledge and humanistic knowledge are different.Critical thinking in scientific knowledge focuses on the pursuit of objective truth,specifically pointing to the criticism of logical thinking deficiency,theology,and superstition.Critical thinking in humanistic knowledge focuses on the observation of the spiritual world,specifically pointing to the criticism of the drawbacks of technicalism and absolute objectivism.Critical thinking emphasizes the self-reflection of scientific knowledge and humanistic knowledge,which provides the possibility for critical thinking to promote the integration of the two kinds of knowledge.The path of critical thinking to promote the fusion of scientific knowledge and humanistic knowledge is constructed from three levels of starting point,process,and purpose,and on this basis,the"science-humanity"knowledge teaching union is further proposed to achieve the knowledge fusion teaching from the perspective of critical thinking.