论《金瓶梅》中的生日民俗

On the Folk Customs of Birthdays in Jin Ping Mei

《金瓶梅》中正面描写的生日活动达三十余次,平均每三回一次,频率很高。《金瓶梅》中不同阶层、不同年龄的人都举行生日活动,反映了明代中后期人们对此类活动的普遍重视。《金瓶梅》中的生日礼物差别较大,有的官员公然借生日来行贿、受贿。《金瓶梅》中的生日宴会一般都有妓女或男优助兴,有时还要请戏班演戏,其中海盐戏在当时的官场宴会上比较受欢迎。从艺术上来看,《金瓶梅》中的生日描写带有纪年的特点,生日活动往往成为主要人物命运的转折点,而一些主要人物的生日往往与节日重合。

There are more than 30 birthday events described in Jin Ping Mei. On average, once every three times, the frequency is very high. People of different classes and different ages in Jin Ping Mei held birthday events, which reflected people in the middle and late Ming Dynasty paid much attention to birthday events. The birthday gifts in Jin Ping Mei are quite different. Some officials openly use their birthdays to ask for bribes. The birthday banquet in Jin Ping Mei usually has prostitutes or male prostitutes to cheer up, and sometimes opera troupes are invited to act. Among them, Haiyan opera was more popular at the official banquet at that time. From an artistic point of view, the description of birthdays in Jin Ping Mei had the characteristics of chronology. Birthday events often become a turning point in the fate of the main characters, and the birthdays of some main characters often coincide with festivals.