论《野草》诗学叙事的“反义同体”结构

On the “Antonymy” Structure of Poetic Narration in Wild Grass

《野草》是五四退潮以后,鲁迅在"不能写,无从写"的沉默与寂静中同时感到"充实"和"空虚"而创作的。这种既"充实"又"空虚"的矛盾心境,是鲁迅五四退潮之后"绝望/虚妄/希望"相互交织的精神状态和"灵魂的挣扎"的集中体现。《野草》思想的矛盾性和复杂性,通过其独创性的叙述方式和文体建构呈现出来,主要表现为语言、意象和抒情主题的"反义同体"结构。所谓"反义同体"结构,指的是在同一个句式中包含多个各自独立而意义相反或相对的词组或意象,或者是在同一个文本中包含多重既各自独立又相反相成的主题线索。从诗学叙事意义上看,《野草》的诗学主题是一个以"绝望/虚妄/希望"为核心不断进行往返质疑、旋转追问的多维意象群组,多重各自独立而又相反相成的主题意象以"反义同体"的形式反复进行对撞与互动,构成了《野草》抒情主题的复调结构。借助《野草》诗学叙事主题的"反义同体"结构,鲁迅的生命哲学、人生哲学、启蒙哲学、批判哲学、诗化哲学通过不同的诗学意象得到了充分的展现。复调式的"反义同体"结构不仅构成了《野草》特有的诗学叙事特征,同时也构成了鲁迅创作的一种独特的精神文化现象。

Wild Grass was created by Lu Xun in the silence and silence of "unable to write, unable to write" after the ebb tide of May 4 th movement. This contradictory state of mind, which is both "substantial" and "empty", is the concentrated embodiment of Lu Xun’s "despair/vanity/hope" intertwined mental state and "soul struggle" after the ebb of the May 4 th movement. The contradiction and complexity of the thoughts are presented through its original narrative style and stylistic construction, which is mainly manifested in the "antonymy" structure of language, image and lyric theme. The so-called "antonymy" structure refers to the fact that there are many independent phrases or images with opposite or opposite meanings in the same sentence pattern, or multiple theme clues that are both independent and opposite in the same text. From the perspective of poetic narrative, the poetic theme of Wild Grass is a multi-dimensional image group with "despair/vanity/hope" as the core, constantly questioning and revolving. Multiple independent and complementary thematic images repeatedly collide and interact in the form of "antonym", which constitutes the polyphonic structure of the lyric theme of Wild Grass. Lu Xun’s philosophy of life, philosophy of life, philosophy of enlightenment, critical philosophy and poetic philosophy have been fully displayed through different poetic images with the help of the "antonym" structure of poetic narrative theme in Wild Grass. The polyphonic "antonymy" structure not only constitutes the unique poetic narrative characteristics of Wild Grass, but also constitutes a unique spiritual and cultural phenomenon in Lu Xun’s creation.