气球菌的分类及临床感染

Classification and Clinical Infection of Aerococcus

气球菌属(Aerococcus)为草绿色溶血菌落特征、触酶阴性的革兰阳性球菌。目前气球菌属包括8个菌种,其中与人类感染密切相关的包括脲气球菌(Aerococcus urinae)、血气球菌(Aerococcus sarguinicola)、绿色气球菌(Aerococcus viridans)等,可造成临床尿路感染、血流感染、心内膜炎、骨与关节感染等。由于目前应用的生化鉴定及质谱鉴定系统数据库的缺陷,尚无法实现菌种间准确鉴定与鉴别,而分子鉴定技术尤其是全基因组测序技术的应用可实现准确鉴定。药敏监测数据显示该菌属一般对内酰胺类药物敏感,推荐临床经验性使用。通过对菌株毒力基因及同源性分析,可有效识别致病菌株及是否发生克隆播散。从气球菌属各菌种的建立、生化鉴别要点、分子鉴定技术应用、临床感染类型、药敏监测数据等方面进行全面阐述,以期为临床诊断及治疗提供参考。

Aerococcus is a Gram positive coccus with characteristics ofα-hemolytic colonies and negative for catalase.At present,Aerococcus is a genus comprised 8 species,including allied to human infection of A.urinae,A.sanguinicola and A.viridans,that could cause clinical urinary tract infection,bloodstream infection,endocarditis,bone and joint infection,etc.Since some defects of databank of biochemical and mass spectrometry identification systems,evencould not give an accurate interspecific identification of the Aerococcus,yet molecular identification technology especially the application of full genome sequencing could procurably accurately identify.Data of medicine susceptibility test showed that the genus of aerococci are sensitive to commonβ-lactam antibiotics and are recommended as empirical use in clinical.Analysis of virulence genes and homology of clinical aerococci isolates could be effectively identified whether the pathogenic strain had occurred a clonal dissemination.This roundup comprehensively elaborated the establishment of Aerococcus species,essentials of biochemical identification,and applications of molecular identification technology,clinical infection types,and medicine susceptibility test data etc,so as to make more people to know aeroccocci.