美国“印太战略”框架下针对南海问题的联盟新样式

On the New Pattern of Alliance of America in the South China Sea Under the Framework of Indo-Pacific Strategy

随着"印太战略"的出台和实施,美国加大了在南海地区进行战略经营的力度。美国针对南海问题着力构建联盟新样式即小多边合作,采取"美国+关键国家""美国+南海争议国家""开放型小多边"三种小多边安全合作形式,全面干预南海事务,导致南海争端中物质性利益与非物质性诉求相交织,南海问题更趋复杂和严峻。虽然囿于地区国家的务实外交、大国平衡手段以及对主导国的不信任等内生性局限,南海小多边安全行动实质性进展不大,却也带来了地区热点复杂化、中美竞争加剧等安全挑战。惟其如此,中国需慎重研判应对,支持东盟在地区事务中的中心性,倡导多边主义,以更加长远和战略性的思维和行为塑造南海地区格局。

With the introduction and implementation of"Indo-Pacific strategy",the United States has intensified its strategic operation in the South China Sea.The United States is striving to build a new form of alliance for the South China Sea issue,namely minilateral cooperation,taking three forms of"the U.S.+key countries","the U.S.+disputed countries in the South China Sea"and"open minilateral"to comprehensively intervene in the South China Sea affairs,resulting in the interweaving of material interests and non-material claims in the South China Sea disputes,making the South China Sea issue more complex and severe.Due to the endogenous limitations of pragmatic diplomacy of regional countries,the means of balancing major powers and distrust of the leading country,the substantial progress of minilateral security actions in the South China Sea is not great,but it also brings security challenges such as the complexity of regional hot spots and intensified competition between China and the United States.Only in this way,China should carefully study and judge the response,support ASEAN’s centrality in regional affairs,advocate multilateralism,and shape the pattern of the South China Sea region with more long-term and strategic thinking and behavior.