公共卫生事件中个人信息保护的比较法研究

A Comparative Law Study on the Protection of Personal Information in Public Health Events

公共卫生事件中个人信息的收集是政府应对措施的一个重要方面。各国在立法中对个人信息的界定不同,但总体上存在着诸如“识别性”的共同核心定义。欧盟与美国对于个人信息保护范围的划定和调整方式的特殊性,引申出两者保护路径的不同。欧盟以《通用数据保护条例》为基础不断细化数据控制方的实体性、程序性规范;美国一方面在隐私权模式之下有所创新,另一方面在判例法、制定法上为数据收集提供法律支撑。欧美路径的差异对中国探索个人信息保护的立体化方案有所启迪。

The collection of personal information in public health events is an important aspect of government measures.Different countries have different definitions of personal information in legislation,but there is a common core definition such as"identification".The particularity of the delimitation and the adjustment scope of personal information protection between the EU and the US leads to two different paths.The EU constantly refines the substantive and procedural rules of the data controller based on the EDPB.The US has made innovations under the traditional model,providing legal support for data collection in case law and statute law.The differences between European and American routes can enlighten China to explore the three-dimensional scheme of personal information protection.