字素——一种研究方块壮字的新视角

Morpheme:A New Perspective on the Study of Zhuang Characters

长期以来,方块壮字的研究侧重于造字法,而忽视文字的物质基础。在比较分析笔画、部件/构件、偏旁的缺陷之余,应引入字素(及字缀)这一研究方块壮字构造的基本单位。字素是与壮语词的音、义相关的单位,字缀则是与音义无关的单位。以字素(及字缀)为划分依据,方块壮字的类型可分为独素方块壮字、减素方块壮字、合素方块壮字和素缀方块壮字等。用字素(及字缀)来抽样描写《古壮字字典》中的方块壮字可检验其适用性,从而确认其为研究方块壮字的新视角。

For a long time,the study of Zhuang Characters has focused on the word-making method,while the material basis of the Characters is ignored.In the comparative analysis of the defects of strokes,parts/components,and radicals,we propose that the basic unit of Zhuang Characters research is morpheme(and affix),and morpheme is a unit that is related to the pronunciation and meaning,while the affix is a unit that is unrelated to them.Based on the division of morpheme(and affix),the types of Zhuang Characters can be divided into single-morpheme,reduced-morpheme,multiple morpheme and morpheme-affix.From this perspective,we sample Zhuang Characters in Old Zhuang Character Dictionary to test its applicability and confirm that the morpheme is a new perspective for the study of Zhuang Characters.