“烟草有害论”的历史形象演变研究

Study on the Evolution of the Historical Image of the"Theory on the Harm of Tobacco"

一般认为,吸烟与健康损害之间的关系是由20世纪50年代以来的流行病学发现建立的。自烟草传入以来,我国传统医学就持有烟草药用论和烟草有害论的双面态度。此后,烟草有害论先后得到经验观察、早期科学研究和现代医学进一步研究的支持巩固,形成了“吸烟有害健康”的观念。科学的发展固然促进了这一观念的形成,但社会环境因素也不容忽视。通过研究各个时期的“吸烟与健康”观念,本文发现该观念的传播力与说服力受到多种社会因素的影响,并据此提出当代中国控烟运动不仅要关注控烟的健康价值,还应当更充分地整合各方控烟力量、调和健康以外的其他价值,以推动全面控烟。

It is generally believed that the relationship between smoking and health hazards was built by epidemiological findings since 1950s.Since the tobacco import to China,Traditional Chinese Medicine formed a two-faced attitude towards tobacco that it could be both helpful and harmful to people's health.Henceforth,the proclaim of unhealthy tobacco has been successively strengthened by experiential observation,early scientific research and modern medicine.The development of science influenced the formation of the idea,while the impact from social background cannot be ignored.Reviewing the understanding of"smoking and health"in different stages,this article finds that its spread and persuasiveness has been affected by multiple social factors.According to this,this article suggests,besides concentrating on health,a better reorganization of all parties supporting tobacco control and a reconciliation with other values are needed for modern China's anti-tobacco campaign to promote a carpet tobacco control.