小果型西瓜新品种黄晶的优质高产栽培技术研究

Cultivation Techniques with High Quality and High Yield of a New Small-fruit Watermelon Variety Huangjing

为了进一步提高西瓜新品种黄晶的产量和品质,加速黄晶的推广应用,研究了其配套的春播设施栽培和秋延后栽培技术。结果表明,黄晶西瓜在上海及周边地区的春季设施栽培的适合播种期为2月5—20日,播种过早,因气温过低会使花粉发育不良,坐果率下降,畸形果比例增加,商品瓜产量偏低;而播种过晚,会导致果型偏大,商品瓜率下降。春季设施栽培下,黄晶采用单蔓整枝为佳,适宜栽培密度12000~14000株/hm^(2),定植株行距为22 cm×250 cm,基肥施用量以施康朴牌复合肥375 kg/hm^(2)+生物有机肥22.5 t/hm^(2)为宜,膨瓜期每5 d喷施康朴牌叶面肥500倍液(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%),每次7.5 kg/hm^(2),连喷5次,可以明显提高商品果率和果实品质。此外由于黄晶西瓜新品种的耐热性较好,在秋延后设施栽培下也能够获得较高的商品瓜产量。此外,研制了一种“大豆绿色有机肥”,具有肥效高、肥效长等优点,对黄晶果实的产量和内在品质具有明显的促进作用。

In order to improve the yield and quality of Huangjing watermelon,and accelerate the popularization and application of Huangjing,the cultivation techniques in spring and delayed autumn under facilities were studied.The results showed that,the optimum sowing time of Huangjing watermelon in Shanghai area was from February 5th to 20th.Too earlier sowing date would cause poor development of pollen,and the fruit setting rate would decrease,while the proportion of malformed fruit would increase,and the yield of commercial melon would be low because of the low temperature.If it was sowed too late,the fruit type would be too large,and the rate of commercial melon would decrease.Under the condition of protected cultivation in spring,the suitable planting density of Huangjing was 12000-14000 plants/hm^(2),the row spacing of planting plants was 22 cm×250 cm,and it was better to use single vine for pruning.The base fertilizer application amount was 375 kg/hm^(2) of‘Shima Brand’compound fertilizer+22.5 t/hm^(2) of bioorganic fertilizer.In the period of expanding melon,7.5 kg/hm^(2) of 500 times of‘Shima Brand’foliar fertilizer(N∶P∶K=7%∶12%∶40%)was sprayed every 5 days,spraying 4-5 times,which could significantly improve the commercial fruit rate and fruit quality.Due to the better high-temperature resistance of Huangjing watermelon,it could also obtain a higher yield of commercial watermelon fruit under the cultivation in delayed autumn under facilities.In addition,a kind of‘Green organic fertilizer made of soybean’with advantages of high efficiency and long efficiency,has been developed in this study,which has an obvious promoting effect on the yield and internal quality of Huangjing fruit.