昆嵛山自然保护区典型植物群落结构与多样性研究

Study on the Structure and Diversity of Typical Plant Communities in Kunyu Mountain Nature Reserve

采用样方法对昆嵛山赤松群落、日本落叶松群落、黑松群落、杉木群落、刺槐群落、短柄枹群落、鹅掌楸群落7种典型森林植物群落进行了野外调查,分析了昆嵛山典型森林植物群落的结构及多样性特征。结果发现,昆嵛山赤松群落林相对较为整齐,群落结构发育良好,在我国华北地区具有代表性的日本落叶松多分布于昆嵛山高海拔区域,喜寒冷阴湿环境,植株较为高大。昆嵛山黑松林林相对单一,生长较为缓慢,植株矮壮。刺槐在昆嵛山分布广泛,长势良好。短柄枹林为昆嵛山典型的落叶栎林,多以混交林的形式分布于昆嵛山中低海拔区域,郁闭度较大。通过对比7种典型森林群落灌木层与草本层多样性发现,短柄枹栎林下灌木层物种多样性最为丰富,赤松、刺槐林下灌木层多样性较低,刺槐林灌木层均匀度最高,杉木林草本层物种多样性显著低于其他几种类型。

Seven typical forest plant communities in Kunyu Mountain were investigated by sampling method,including Pinus densiflora community,Larix kaempferi community,Pinus nigra community,Cunninghamia lanceolata community,Robinia pseudoacacia community,Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata community and Liriodendron chinense community.It was found that P.densiflora community in Kunyu Mountain was relatively regular and the community structure was well developed,which was representative in North China.L.kaempferi was mainly distributed in high altitude area of Kunyu Mountain.It liked cold and humid environment,and its plants were relatively tall.The forest form of P.thunbergii forest in Kunyu Mountain was simple,the growth was slow and the plant was short and strong.R.pseudoacacia was widely distributed in Kunyu Mountain and grew well.Quercus bracteata forest was a typical deciduous oak forest in Kunyu Mountain.It was mainly distributed in the middle and low altitude areas of Kunyu Mountain in the form of mixed forest,and the canopy density was large.Comparing the diversity of shrub layer and herb layer of 7 typical forest communities,it was found that the species diversity of shrub layer under Quercus bracteataa forest was the most abundant,species diversity of P.densiflora and R.pseudoacacia forest was lower,the shrub layer evenness of R.pseudoacacia forest was the highest,and the species diversity of herb layer of Chinese fir forest was significantly lower than other types.