在剥削和正义之间——罗默的剥削理论探要

Exploitation and Its Implications for Justice——Exploring Exploitative Theory by John Romer

罗默认为,经典马克思主义的劳动价值论已然失效,建立非劳动价值论的剥削理论具有理论发展的必要性,因此主张对马克思的剥削理论进行修正与补充,以新的剥削理论深入地揭示资本主义的不正义性。他认为,初始生产资料不平等分配导致阶级之间不平等和社会不正义,但又认为存在能为各阶级群体带来效益的"社会必要剥削",并具有一定的正义性。此外,为解决现代资本主义社会的剥削和不正义问题,罗默建构起了一套基于社会主义"公共所有制"的效用均化的分配正义理念,作为检视现代资本主义剥削的规范原则。马克思与罗默都是在社会主义的正义立场上对资本主义剥削进行批判的,二者的理论和价值立场的一致性不可忽视。

John Romer believes that the classical Marxist theory of labor value has become ineffective,and it is necessary to establish a new exploitation theory,so he advocates revising and supplementing Marx’s theory of exploitation,and revealing the injustice of capitalism in depth with the new theory of exploitation.He believed that the unequal distribution of the initial means of production led to inequality between classes and social injustice,but he also believed that there was“social necessary exploitation”that could bring benefits to all classes and groups,and it had certain justice.In addition,in order to solve the problem of exploitation and injustice in modern capitalist society,Romer constructed a set of distributive justice idea based on the utility equalization of socialist“public ownership”,and took it as the normative principle to examine the exploitation of modern capitalism.Marx and Romer criticized the exploitation of capitalism from the standpoint of socialist justice.The consistency of their theory and value standpoint cannot be ignored.