安徽省40岁及以上人群慢性呼吸道症状流行及慢性阻塞性肺疾病认知现状

Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and the awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in adults(≥40 years old)of Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省≥40岁人群慢性呼吸道症状流行及慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)相关知识知晓现状,为防控COPD提供参考。方法于2015年1-6月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在安徽省5个COPD监测点抽取2996名≥40岁常住居民为研究对象,进行问卷调查,内容包括人口学资料、呼吸道症状、吸烟情况、慢性非传染性呼吸系统疾病名称、肺功能检查、COPD危险因素和症状的知晓情况,COPD疾病名称知晓途径等。采用SAS 9.4软件进行Rao-Scottχ^(2)检验和基于复杂抽样设计的logistic回归分析。结果安徽省≥40岁居民中慢性呼吸道症状总流行率为11.6%,慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰、喘息和呼吸困难的流行率分别为3.2%、3.9%、2.3%和6.8%。既往或现在吸烟者的慢性咳嗽率、慢性咳痰率和喘息率均高于从不吸烟者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究对象对COPD疾病名称知晓率为5.4%,对慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、哮喘疾病名称知晓率分别为61.4%、58.9%和61.8%;男性慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘的疾病名称知晓率均高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);既往或现在吸烟者对慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘的名称知晓率均高于从不吸烟者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。调查对象对COPD相关知识知晓率为2.9%,肺功能检查知晓率为2.1%。不同性别、吸烟状况者对COPD疾病名称、COPD相关知识和肺功能检查知晓率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。COPD疾病名称知晓途径主要为电视(33.0%)、亲戚朋友(29.8%)、医院或医生(26.1%)。在知晓COPD疾病名称者中,分别有55.9%、53.7%、52.7%的居民认为慢性咳嗽、气短或呼吸困难、咳痰是COPD的主要症状,72.3%的居民认为吸烟是COPD的危险因素。结论安徽省≥40岁人群中慢性呼吸道症状流行率较高,但居民对COPD相关知识知晓率较低,需加强COPD健康促进和健康教育,提高COPD的防控意识。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and the awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in adults(≥40 years old)of Anhui Province,and to provide the reference for the prevention and control of COPD.Methods From January to June 2015,the multi-stage and stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2996 residents(≥40 years old)from 5 surveillance points of Anhui Province as the subjects,the investigation was performed with questionnaire(including demographic data,respiratory symptoms,smoking and the awareness for the names of chronic non-infectious respiratory diseases,pulmonary function tests,risk factors and symptoms of COPD,and the awareness way of COPD name).Rao-Scottχ^(2) test was used to analyze the data,the logistic regress method on complex sampling design was used to analyze the risk factors for COPD,the used software was SAS 9.4.Results The total morbidity of chronic respiratory symptoms was 11.6%,the morbidities of chronic cough,chronic expectoration,wheezing and dyspnea were 3.2%,3.9%,2.3%and 6.8%,respectively in residents(≥40 years old)of Anhui Province.The morbidities of chronic cough,chronic expectoration and wheezing in the subjects with smoking history were significantly higher than those in non-smoking subjects(P<0.01).The awareness rate of COPD was 5.4%,and the awareness rates of chronic bronchitis,emphysema and asthma were 61.4%,58.9%and 61.8%,respectively in the subjects;the awareness rates of above diseases in male subjects were significantly higher than those in female subjects(P<0.01);the awareness rates of above diseases in the subjects with smoking history were significantly higher than those in non-smoking subjects(P<0.05).The awareness rates of knowledge related to COPD and pulmonary function tests in subjects were 2.9%and 2.1%.There were no significant differences of name and knowledge for COPD and pulmonary function tests between males and females or between the subjects with smoking history and the non-smoking subjects(P>0.05).The main awareness ways of COPD name were television(33.0%),relatives and friends(29.8%),and hospitals/doctors(26.1%).Among subjects who were aware of COPD names,the awareness rates of chronic cough,shortness of breath/dyspnea,expectoration as the main symptoms of COPD were 55.9%,53.7%and 52.7%,respectively;72.3%of subjects recognized that smoking was risk factor of COPD.Conclusion The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was higher in residents(≥40 years old)of Anhui Province,but the awareness rate of knowledge related to COPD was lower.It is necessary to strengthen the health promotion and health education to improve the awareness of prevention and control of COPD.