湖北省抽样点老年人跌倒风险状况及其影响因素研究

Current situation and influencing factors of fall risk in elderly of sampling points in Hubei Province

目的研究湖北省抽样点老年人群跌倒风险情况及其相关影响因素,为采取针对性的预防措施提供理论依据。方法于2018年1-12月采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在湖北省抽取1个区和1个县作为研究点。将符合纳入标准的2970名年龄≥60岁老年人作为研究对象,以标准化问卷进行调查,并进行身体测量和跌倒风险评估。用SPSS22.0统计软件进行χ^(2)检验,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人跌倒风险的影响因素。结果2970名老年人中存在跌倒风险的人数为1703人(57.34%),1年内摔倒1、2和3次及以上的比例分别为5.42%,0.88%和0.40%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.681,95%CI:1.431~1.975),高龄(70~74岁OR=1.925,95%CI:1.338~2.669,75~79岁OR=2.698,95%CI:1.883~3.886,≥80岁OR=5.014,95%CI:3.327~7.556),无配偶(OR=1.305,95%CI:1.054~1.615),跌倒相关药物服药史(OR=1.440,95%CI:1.215~1.707),日常生活活动能力受损(OR=3.238,95%CI:2.104~4.984)及患有眼疾(OR=2.844,95%CI:1.711~4.729)的湖北省抽样点老年人群跌倒风险较高,居住在农村(OR=0.515,95%CI:0.429~0.620)、每天进行体育锻炼(OR=0.715,95%CI:0.555~0.921)的湖北省抽样点老年人群跌倒风险较低。结论湖北省抽样点老年人群跌倒风险较高,且呈现影响因素多样化,个体跌倒影响因素叠加等现象,应重点关注女性、高龄独居和日常生活活动能力受损的老年人,通过社会、家庭和个体3个维度的综合性干预措施来降低老年跌倒风险。

Objective To study the current situation and influencing factors of fall risk in elderly of sampling points in Hubei Province,and to provide the theoretical basis for taking targeted preventive measures.Methods From January to December 2018,the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2970 residents(≥60 years old)from one county and one district as the subjects.The investigation was performed with the standardized questionnaire and physical examination and fall risk assessment.Theχ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data and influencing factors for the fall risk in the elderly.The software was SPSS 22.0 Results In 2970 elderly residents,there were 1703 residents(57.34%)with fall risk,the proportions of residents with 1,2 or 3 times falls in one year were 5.42%,0.88%and 0.40%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the elderly residents with female(OR=1.681,95%CI:1.431-1.975),old age(70-74 years old:OR=1.925,95%CI:1.338-2.669;75-79 years old:OR=2.698,95%CI:1.883-3.886;≥80 years old:OR=5.014,95%CI:3.327-7.556),no spouse(OR=1.305,95%CI:1.054-1.615),taking medicines history related to falls(OR=1.440,95%CI:1.215-1.707),decrease of daily living ability(OR=3.238,95%CI:2.104-4.984)and eye diseases(OR=2.844,95%CI:1.711-4.729)in sampling sites of Hubei Province had the higher fall risk,the elderly residents with rural area(OR=0.515,95%CI:0.429-0.620)and daily exercise(OR=0.715,95%CI:0.555-0.921)in sampling sites of Hubei Province had the lower fall risk.Conclusion The elderly residents in sampling sites of Hubei Province had the higher fall risk with diversification influencing factors,and superposition of influencing factors in individual falls.It should pay attention to female,residents with high age,independent living or living ability damage;the comprehension intervention measures through three dimensions(communities,families and individual)should be taken to reduce the fall risk in elderly residents.