中国生活垃圾主要处理方式和年运行费用分析及“十四五”政策研究

Analysis on Disposal Methods and Annual Costs of Domestic Waste in China and Policy Suggestions for the 14th Five-Year Plan

目前中国共有生活垃圾处理设施2561座,日处理能力超过了1百万吨,主要处理模式为卫生填埋(53%)、焚烧(44%)、堆肥(3%)。2019年,中国生活垃圾清运总量超过了3亿吨,费用达到了426亿元,但是如果要实现完全收集和处理还需投资437亿元,与发达国家相比,中国生活垃圾处理还有很大提高和改善空间,可以通过:(1)高密度人口地区提高焚烧比例;(2)提高现有设施的运行;(3)源头减量,提高垃圾附加值,采用多元化手段弥补后期资金缺口。

China currently has 2415 domestic waste treatment plants and daily treatment capacity over than one million tonnes.The domestic waste are mainly treatedby sanitary landfill sites(58%),incinerators(39%)and composts(3%).Chinese domestic waste reached more than 300 million tons and disposal expenses reached RMB 42.6 billion.However,China needs an additional RMB 43.7 billion investment to achieve full collection and treatment.Compared with developed countries,there is still lot of areas for improvement in domestic waste treatment in China,which can be achieved by:(1)To increase the incineration ratio in high-density population areas;(2)To improve the operation performance of existing facilities;(3)To reduce the amount at source,increase the added value of garbage,and adopt diversified means to make up the later fund gap.