新自由主义对美英国家刑事法制的影响及反思

The Influence of Neo-liberalism on the Criminal Justice in Anglo-American Countries:Analysis and Reflections

从一国或地区的政治经济体制来理解其刑事法制,可以以相对宏观的视角把握其刑事法制脉络。美国刑事法制自20世纪70年代以来发生了深刻变化,从刑事法制基本观念到具体实践都渗透强烈的报应主义色彩,而隐藏其后则是新自由主义思潮。美国刑事法制的转变也影响着英国等国家。对这一思潮进行研究,一方面可以对这些国家刑事法制过去半个世纪发展脉络进行整体把握,另一方面也为分析研究这些国家刑事法制提供了一个更具批判性的视角。

If a country or region’s criminal justice is analyzed from the perspective of its political and economic system,a macroscopic understanding of the development path of the criminal justice can be achieved.Since the 1970 s,the criminal justice in the United States has undergone profound changes.From the basic concept to the concrete practice of the criminal legal system,a strong color of retribution can be spotted,and hidden behind it is Neo-liberalism.The transformation of the criminal justice in the United States also affected countries such as the UK,New Zealand and Australia.Understanding this process contributes to an overall grasp of the development path of criminal justice in these countries in the past fifty years,and provides a more critical approach for the research on the criminal justice of these countries.