我国U13~U18岁男子足球运动员跑动速度区间的研制

Establishment of Running Velocity Zone for U13~U18 Male Football Players

目的:为提高训练和比赛中外部负荷监控的准确性,采用场地测试的方法,研制出适合我国U13~U18岁男子足球运动员体能特征的跑动速度区间。方法:在文献分析的基础上,选取最大冲刺速度(maximal sprint speed,MSS)、最大有氧速度(maximal aerobicpeed,MAS)、无氧速度储备(anaerobic speed reserve,ASR)作为构建跑速区间的体能指标参数,并对218名U13~U18岁男子足球运动员进行40 m冲刺跑和Yo-Yo IR1测试。结果:不同年龄段球员的MSS和MAS均呈现出显著性差异(F=65.28,P<0.01;F=39.95,P<0.01)。不同年龄段球员被聚类为2个年龄组(Silhouette Coefficient=0.6>0.5),其中,U13~U14年龄组走慢跑为0~8.3 km/h,低速跑为8.3~10.7 km/h,中速跑为10.7~13.2 km/h,快速跑为13.2~16.5 km/h,高速跑为16.5~20.0 km/h,冲刺跑为20 km/h以上;U15~U18年龄组走慢跑为0~9 km/h,低速跑为9.0~11.7 km/h,中速跑为11.7~14.4 km/h,快速跑为14.4~18.0 km/h,高速跑为18.0~21.9 km/h,冲刺跑为21.9 km/h以上。结论:研究所构建的跑动速度区间具有较佳的理论依据和适用性,可以更客观、精确地提高男子青少年足球运动队日常训练、比赛中外部负荷的监控水平。

Objective:In order to improve the accuracy of external load monitoring in training and matches,this study has developed a running velocity zones that is suite for the physical characteristics of Chinese U13~U18 year-old male football players by using some specific field tests.Methods:On the basis of literature analysis,the maximum sprinting speed,maximum aerobic speed and anaerobic speed reserve were selected as the physical index parameters to construct the running velocity zone,and 40 m sprint test and the Yo-Yo IR1 test was used to obtain these indexes of 218 male football players aged from U13~U18.Results:The maximum sprinting speed and maximum aerobic speed of players in different age groups showed significant differences(F=65.28,P<0.01;F=39.95,P<0.01).Players in different age groups were divided into two age groups(Silhouette Coefficient=0.6>0.5):the age group of U13~U14 showed that walking-jogging was 0~8.3 km/h,slow running was 8.3~10.7 km/h,medium-speed running was 10.7~13.2 km/h,fast running was 13.2~16.5 km/h,high speed running was 16.5~20.0 km/h,sprint was above 20 km/h.The age of U15~U18 showed that walking-jogging was 0~9 km/h,slow running was 9.0~11.7 km/h,medium-speed running was 11.7~14.4 km/h,fast running was 14.4~18.0 km/h,high speed running was 18.0~21.9 km/h,sprint was above 21.9 km/h.Conclusion:The running speed zone developed in this research has a good theoretical basis and applicability,which can meet the external load monitoring requirements in the daily training and matches of male youth football teams.