船舶压载舱沉积物接收处置现状、问题及履约管理对策

Current status,Problems and Performance Management Countermeasures of Receiving and Disposing of Sediments in ship's Ballast Tanks

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理国际公约(2004)》要求妥善处理和处置压载舱沉积物,以防止有害生物入侵。为研究履约现状,选取13家从事压载水沉积物清理、接收及处理作业的修船厂进行了系统调研,结果表明普遍存在防污染措施不全、接收处理作业不规范、接收设施技术标准缺失、管理要求不明确等问题。在分析压载水沉积物的来源、危害、产生量等特性的基础上,结合公约和国内要求,从标准规范完善、监管部门协作、接收设施配套、公约法规宣贯和科技研发支撑等方面分析提出了履约对策。研究成果为有关压载水沉积物相关标准规范、技术政策的制定提供参考,有助于加强压载舱沉积物防污染管理,提升国际公约履行水平。

International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments has entered into force for China since January 22nd,2019,which was developed by International Maritime Organization(IMO).The convention requires to safely disposal ballast water sediments to avoid harmful organisms invading port state.This study investigated the sediments operations of 13 shipyards in China.The results showed although some shipyards implemented actions to avoid pollution from sediments,the sediment operation was still lacking standardized and effective management.Several problems were identified in this study,among which the most significant problems were incomplete management regulations and lacking standards.Besides,the shipyards faced many difficulties regarding disposal of the sediments.This study gave suggestions for improving the performance regarding the convention according to the problems identified.