民俗学视角下的北欧神话研究

A View on Nordic Myth from the Perspective of Folklore

北欧神话的民俗内容丰富,这为民俗研究提供了宝贵的资源。文章从分析神话与民俗之间的关系出发,以民俗学为视角,选取石琴娥译作《埃达》、茅盾的《北欧神话ABC》为研究对象,对北欧神话中的婚姻、丧葬、誓约、宗教等方面习俗进行分析,据此管窥中古时代维京民俗文化之风貌。文章认为北欧神话本质上是一部集维京民俗之阐释者、催生者和传承者三重身份于一身的民间史诗,当代神话的民俗学研究能够揭示其包蕴的文化内涵。

The Nordic myth involves folklore-related content deeply,it provides abundant resources for the folklore research.Starting from clarifying the relationship between mythology and folklore,the perspective of folklore is chosen as an entry point.Taking poetic Edda translated by Shi Qin’e,Nordic mythology ABC written by Mao Dun as research object,this paper collects some materials about traditional marriage,funeral,pledge-making,religious customs in Nordic myth and analyzes them accordingly.Based on those,the paper will have a restricted view on the outlook of folk cultures of the medieval Vikings.It is concluded that Nordic myth is essentially a folk epic,which is the interpreter,promoter and inheritor of the Viking folklore.The studies on folklore of mythology can achieve the purpose of revealing cultural connotations.