清代乡饮酒礼乐制的构建和实践困境——以湖北府县为例

The Construction and Practice Dilemma of Rural Drinking Etiquette and Rites and Music System in Qing Dynasty--Taking Fu County,Hubei Province as an Example

明清时期,乡饮酒礼被推行至地方,其乐制在清乾隆朝得以复兴。乾隆《黄梅县志》对府县的礼乐行为描述得十分详细。但由黄梅县乡饮酒礼的历史记载可知,这样的音乐场面可能在乾隆十九年(1754年)盛典中呈现,也可能仅是文人理想中的一个"礼乐景观"。湖北地方的乡饮酒礼仅在康乾时期稍微兴盛,晚清走向衰落。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the drinking etiquette was promoted to the local,and the rites and music system was revived in the Qing Qianlong Dynasty.Qianlong’s Huangmei County Chronicles described the rites and music behaviors of the Fu County in detail.However,according to the historical records of drinking etiquette in Huangmei County,such a musical scene may be presented in the 19th year of Qianlong’s grand ceremony,or it may only be a"rites and music scenery"in the ideals of literati.The local drinking etiquette in Hubei only flourished during the Kangxi-Qianlong period and declined in the late Qing Dynasty.