鄱阳湖洪涝灾害卫星雷达遥感应急监测应用

Application of satellite radar remote sensing for emergency monitoring of flood disasters in Poyang Lake

随着近年来星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)的发展,我国任意地区的大覆盖、高频次、高空间分辨率的SAR数据的获取能力得到极大提升。具有全天候和全天时对地观测能力的星载SAR能够实现任意天气条件下洪涝淹没范围的准确识别与提取,为我国洪涝灾害快速监测与灾情快速评估提供了重要手段。为此,针对2020年江西省鄱阳湖区特大洪水灾害,利用国产高分三号(GF-3)和欧洲航天局的哨兵1号卫星(Sentinel-1)数据,开展了鄱阳湖区洪水灾害动态应急监测应用研究。监测结果显示:7月17日,监测区域水域面积达到峰值4989.78 km2,洪水淹没区集中在鄱阳湖滨湖区,其中鄱阳县受淹最为严重,耕地受灾面积达到351.05 km2,建设用地和林地受灾面积分别为160.98 km2、45.14 km2;其次是余干县,耕地受灾面积为221.81 km2,建设用地受灾面积为111.22 km2,林地受灾面积为24.18 km2。应用结果表明,GF-3卫星、哨兵数据具备灾害应急监测能力,可为防灾减灾决策提供技术支撑。

With the development of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)in recent years,the acquisition ability of SAR data with large coverage,high frequency and high spatial resolution in any region of China has been greatly improved. Spaceborne SAR with all-weather and all-day earth observation capability can accurately identify and extract flood inundation range under any weather condition,which provides an important means for rapid flood monitoring and disaster assessment in China. Based on the data of GF-3 and Sentinel-1 of the European Space Agency(ESA),an application study on dynamic emergency monitoring of flood disasters in Poyang Lake region of Jiangxi Province in 2020 was carried out. The monitoring results show that on July 17,the water area of the monitoring area reached the peak of 4 989.78 km2,and the flooded area was concentrated in the lakeside area of Poyang Lake. In Poyang County,the affect was the most serious,the affected area of cultivated land was351.06 km2,and the affected area of construction land and forest land was 160.98 km2 and 45.14 km2. In Yugan County,the affected area of cultivated land was 221.81 km2,the affected area of construction land was 111.22 km2,and the affected area of forest land was 24.18 km2. The application results show that the GF-3 satellite and sentinel data have the capability of disaster emergency monitoring and can provide technical support fordisaster prevention and mitigation decision.