健康受试者污名身份的主体建构与应对策略——基于31名健康受试者的深度访谈

The Subjective Construction and Coping Strategies of the Stigma Identity of Healthy Subjects:Based on In-depth Interviews on 31 Healthy Subjects

健康受试者为新药研发上市作出了重要贡献,但公众对这一群体存在一定程度的负面认知。通过对31名健康受试者的深度访谈发现,受试者的污名身份由外在建构和内在认同共同形成,外在建构表现为出卖健康,拿命换钱;懒惰,不上进;神秘,偷偷摸摸。内在认同表现为经济利益至上、自我价值否定和消极社交意愿。而健康受试者作为社会化的行动主体,会采取积极的应对策略解构其污名身份,其中,认知应对策略包括保持经济理性、确认风险可控和赋予积极社会意义;行为应对策略包括与“无知”的人距离化、选择性信息关注和隐瞒身份、寻求另种身份。

Healthy subjects have made a significant contribution to the development and marketing of new drugs,but there is a negative public perception of this group.This study adopted the method of in-depth interview,and 31 subjects were interviewed.It was found that the subjects'stigma identity was formed by both external construction and internal identity.The external construction included health selling,indolence,furtive behavior.The internal identity was reflected in economic-oriented value,ego denying and negative social will.Healthy subjects should take active coping strategies to deconstruct their stigma identity.Cognitive coping strategies include maintaining economic rationality,risks confirm and positive social significance.Behavioral coping strategies include distancing themselves from"ignorant"people,focusing on selective information,and hiding identity or seeking another identity.