利用GPS高精度监测数据开展青藏高原现今地壳运动与形变特征研究进展

Review on Characteristics of Present Crustal Tectonic Movement and Deformation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China Using GPS High Precision Monitoring Data

青藏高原由于所处大陆构造位置的特殊性,造就其成为全球现今地壳构造运动最为强烈的区域之一。青藏高原及其周边地区发育有多条深大活动断裂带,是强震易发区,同时也是研究大陆内板块构造运动机制的天然试验场。GPS以其时空分辨率高、覆盖范围广、观测精度高等特点,被广泛应用于地壳形变监测研究中。目前,通过已建立的中国地壳运动观测网络(CMONOC-Ⅰ)与中国大陆构造环境监测网络(CMONOC-Ⅱ)获得的GPS高精度地壳运动速度场,能够清晰地揭示青藏高原近20年来地壳构造运动与形变现状。通过系统总结利用GPS监测数据开展青藏高原现今地壳运动与形变特征的研究进展,回顾了用于监测青藏高原地壳运动的GPS数据来源与高精度数据处理方法及策略,探讨了不同参考基准对GPS速度场处理结果的影响,并分别从动力学和运动学两方面全面阐述了当前用于青藏高原地壳运动与形变分析模型。综合模型计算结果从浅部与深部两方面深入剖析了青藏高原现今地壳运动与形变特征,并从板块运动构造动力学机制角度详细解译了青藏高原现今区域动力学背景及其影响下的珠穆朗玛峰隆升机制。最后对利用GPS技术开展青藏高原地壳运动与形变监测成果作了概述总结,并进一步展望了未来青藏高原地壳形变监测研究的重要发展趋势。

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the regions with the strongest crustal tectonic movement in the world due to its special continental tectonic location.There are many large active faults in the block and its surrounding areas,which are prone to strong earthquakes.The area is also a natural test site for studying the mechanism of plate tectonic movement in the continent.Global Positioning System(GPS)is widely used in the study of crustal deformation monitoring due to its high temporal and spatial resolution,wide coverage,and high observation accuracy.The high-resolution GPS crustal movement velocity field obtained by China crustal movement observation network(CMONOC-Ⅰ)and China continental tectonic environment monitoring network(CMONOC-Ⅱ),has clearly revealed the crustal tectonic movement and deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the past 20 years.The research progress of current crustal movement and deformation characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was systematically summarized based on GPS monitoring data,and the GPS data sources,and high-precision data processing methods and strategies for monitoring the crustal movement of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were reviewed.The influence of different reference data on the processing results of GPS velocity field was discussed,and the current analysis models for crustal movement and deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were comprehensively explained from kinematics and dynamics.The current tectonic movement and deformation characteristics were deeply analyzed from both the shallow and deep of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the calculations of integrated model.From the perspective of tectonic dynamic mechanism of plate movement,the current regional dynamics background of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the uplift mechanism of the mount Qomolangma region under its influence were interpreted in detail.Finally,the results of crustal movement and deformation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using GPS technology were summarized,and the important development trend of crustal deformation monitoring of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future was also prospected.