农户务农劳动力质量与水稻生产技术效率——基于土地流转和农业社会化服务调节视角

The Quality of Rural Labor Force and Rice Production Technical Efficiency

我国农村青壮年劳动力大量流失的现实,目前看并未对粮食生产带来明显的冲击,为揭示其中各因素的作用机理,本文基于长江沿线6省468户水稻种植户数据,检验劳动力质量对水稻生产技术效率的影响,并考察土地流转和农业社会化服务在其中的调节作用。研究发现:水稻种植存在劳动力质量约束,农户务农劳动力质量下滑显著抑制水稻生产技术效率;土地流转、购买社会化服务有利于水稻生产技术效率提升,能显著调节务农劳动力质量下滑对水稻生产技术效率的负面影响,其中社会化服务的直接作用和调节效应比土地流转更明显。进一步研究显示,务农劳动力质量、土地流转与农业社会化服务对农户水稻生产技术效率影响和调节效应因农户分化而呈现出明显差异。缓解当前小农户劳动力质量约束,比较现实的路径是促进农地流转和进一步建设与完善农业生产社会化服务体系。

At present,the fact that a large number of young and middle-aged rural labor force have lost has not brought obvious impact on grain production.In order to reveal the mechanism of these factors,based on the data of 468 rice growers in six provinces along the Yangtze River,this paper examines the impact of labor quality on rice production technical efficiency,and examines the regulatory role of land transfer and agricultural social services.The results show that:there are labor quality constraints in rice planting,and the decline of farmers′labor quality significantly inhibits rice production technical efficiency;land transfer and purchase of social services are conducive to the improvement of rice production technical efficiency,and can significantly adjust the negative impact of the decline of agricultural labor quality on rice production technical efficiency,among which the direct and regulatory effects of social services are more obvious than land transfer.Further studies show that the effects of the quality of agricultural labor force,land transfer and agricultural social services on the rice production technical efficiency are significantly different due to the differentiation of farmers.To alleviate the quality constraints of small farmers′labor force,the more realistic path is to promote the transfer of agricultural land and further build and improve the socialized service system of agricultural production.