城市移民住区居住隔离与微观空间营造应对——以美国波士顿北端为例

Micro-level Space Making Responses to Residential Segregation in Urban Immigrant Neighborhoods:A Case Study of North End in Boston,United States

城市发展过程中,外来移民群体同质性聚集形成“移民住区”,居住隔离现象反映了移民住区面临的空间问题与融合困境。在既有的居住隔离应对实践与研究中,较多关注宏观层面,微观视角相对缺失。本文以美国波士顿北端移民住区为例,详述其在“居住空间修复、商住空间更新、住区边界缝合、人文场所塑造”四方面的微观空间营造作法,总结归纳出“政策法规的积极干预、逐步实施的有序更新、上下结合的平衡模式、人文导向的价值认同”四方面启示,为城市移民住区应对居住隔离提供了微观层面的借鉴。

In the process of urban development,gathering of homogeneous immigrant groups leads to"immigrant neighborhoods"in which residential segregation reflects the space problems and integration predicaments faced by immigrants.In existing practice and research on residential segregation,more attention has been paid to the macrolevel issues rather than the micro-level perspectives.Taking the North End of Boston in the United States as a case,the paper elaborates its micro-level space making at four aspects:"living space restoration,commercial and residential space renewal,neighborhood boundary integration,and people-based place shaping".The paper concludes the enlightenment of the North End,namely"active intervention of policies,gradual and incremental neighborhood renewal,balanced approaches combining top and down,and human-based value identification",which provides a practical reference for urban immigrant neighborhoods to deal with residential segregation at a micro level.