如画与自然的艺术指向——论罗伯特·布雷·马克思的景观图示语言

The Artistic Direction of Picturesque and Nature:on the Landscape Graphics Language of Robert Burle Marx

20世纪前叶,赋予思辨与批判的艺术家以形体、色彩、符号、组合等抽象艺术掀起一场从立体派到抽象主义、超现实主义的视觉革命。受惠于现代艺术思潮的冲击与给养,景观设计师罗伯特·布雷·马克思创作出一系列地域性的文化景观,他的艺术创作、职业生涯、思想轨迹具有重要的研究价值。“我画我的园林(I paint my gardens)”道出了他毕生的造园心得。本文从“如画观”与“自然观”为切入点,透过史料挖掘其成长时期的感受与经历,以有序的经验记忆为基础,论述其景观图示语言形成、认知、发展、表达的发展历程,以由“画”入“园”、由“画”组“景”的“热带现代主义”景观图示,为地域性自然资源的发掘、植物资源的应用与保护、景观艺术图示语言的实践提供范例。

In the early 20 th century, artists who gave speculation and criticism set off a visual revolution from cubism to abstractionism and surrealism with abstract art such as form,color,symbol,and combination. Benefiting from the impact and support of modern art trends, landscape architect Robert Burle Marx created a series of regional cultural landscapes. His artistic creation, career, and thought track have important research value. "I paint my gardens," tells the story of his life. This article takes "painting view" and "nature view" as the starting point, and explores the feelings and experiences of its growth period through historical materials. Based on the orderly experience and memory, it discusses the formation, cognition,and development of landscape graphics language.With the "tropical modernism" landscape schema from "picturesque" to "landscape architecture", this paper provides examples for the exploration of regional natural resources, the application and protection of plant resources, and the practice of landscape art graphics language.