指导性案例的司法使用--以《<关于案例指导工作的规定>实施细则》的具体适用为视角

Judicial Use of Guiding Cases:From the Perspective of the Specific Application of Implementation Rules of“Regulations on Case Guidance Work”

如何判断待决案件与指导性案例相似长期以来在一定程度上制约着指导性案例的使用,《<关于案例指导工作的规定>实施细则》也仅是提出从基本案情与法律适用两方面建构,并未进一步提供更为详尽的操作步骤。判断待决案例与指导性案例相似,应当围绕法律规范和关键事实展开:待决案件的法官对案件事实进行查明,明晰可能适用但出现空缺结构的法律规范,并且归纳案件争议焦点,也即判断该种案件事实构成法律规范的要件事实是否存在争议,将争议焦点与指导性案例裁判要点和裁判理由所包括的法律规范的要件事实进行对比,在法律规范和关键事实都类似的情况下即可参照使用指导性案例。

How to judge whether a pending case is similar to a guiding case has been restricting the use of guiding cases to a certain extent.Implementation Rules of“Regulations on Case Guidance Work”only proposes to construct from two aspects of the basic case and the application of law.No further detailed steps are provided.Similar to a guiding case,the judgement on a pending case should focus on legal norms and key facts:The judge of the pending case investigates the facts of the case,clarifies the legal norms that may be applicable but has a vacant structure,and summarizes the focus of the case,that is,whether the facts of the case constitute the essential facts of the legal norms is disputed.Then,we can compare the disputes with the essential facts of the legal norms included in the main points of the judgment and the reasons for the judgment,when the legal norms and key facts are similar,the guiding case can be taken as an example.