家庭规模和家用技术对农村贫困识别的影响

The Impact of Household Size and Household Technology on Rural Poverty Identification

本文研究了家庭规模和家用技术对农村人均食物支出的影响机制,采用工具变量回归对食物支出规模经济效应进行了经验检验,并利用恩格尔方法估算了家庭等价规模,量化了忽视家庭消费规模经济所造成的贫困测度的偏差。研究发现:家庭规模和家用技术应用程度对人均食物支出的影响系数均显著为负值,证明食物支出存在规模经济效应,且家用技术应用会促进这种效应,如果考虑家庭消费规模经济,使用等价支出替代人均支出来识别货币贫困家庭,贫困发生率的降幅超过40%。本文建议对不同规模和结构的家庭测算出相应的贫困线并以家庭为单位识别货币贫困;对发生成员去世、迁移或经济独立的贫困家庭和边缘家庭进行重点监控;将促进家用技术普及纳入精准扶贫政策体系。

This paper researched the influence mechanism of household size and household technology on per capita food expenditure. The instrumental variables regression were used to empirically test the economies of scale in food consumption. The Engel’s method was used to measure the equivalence scales, and the deviation of poverty measurement caused by ignoring the economies of scale in consumption was quantified. The study found that the impact coefficients of household size and household technology on per capita food expenditure are significantly negative, indicating that there is an economy of scale effect in food consumption, and that household technology adoption promotes this effect. If the economies of scale in consumption is considered, and equivalent expenditures are used instead of per capita expenditures to identify poor households, the incidence of poverty drops by more than 40%. This article proposes to measure the corresponding household poverty line for households of different sizes and compositions and identify monetary poverty on a household-by-unit basis;to monitor the poverty and marginal households where members die, migrate or become economically independent;and to integrate the promotion of household technology into the policy system of targeted poverty alleviation.