三峡库区流域生态系统服务评估研究

Research on Assessment of Ecosystem Services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

以三峡库区为研究区域,选取水资源供给、流域水环境容量、水土保持和水源涵养等指标,评估2015年三峡库区流域生态系统服务功能及其价值。结果表明:2015年三峡库区流域生态系统服务总价值为5097.73亿元,主要为流域生态系统服务带来的经济价值,各类型生态系统服务价值由高到低依次为水源涵养>水资源供给>水土保持>流域水环境容量。其中重点开发区以水资源供给为主要服务,重点生态功能区多以水土保持和水源涵养为主要服务。三峡库区四种生态系统服务间存在着一定的相关关系,水资源供给与流域水环境容量之间为较弱的协同关系,与水土保持和水源涵养为较弱的权衡关系。流域水环境容量、水土保持和水源涵养两两之间为协同关系。

Water resources supply, basin water environmental capacity, soil retention and water conservation are selected as the indicators to evaluate ecosystem services and their value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The results showed that the total ecosystem services value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was 509.773 billion yuan in 2015, which was mainly based on the economic value. The value of single ecosystem service follows the order from high to low, water conservation, water supply, soil retention and basin water environmental capacity. Water resources supply service is the dominant ecosystem service in regions with higher social and economic development level, while the key ecological functional areas are mostly dominated by soil retention and water conservation service. There are some correlations between the four ESs in the TGRA. There is a weak synergy between water supply and basin water environment capacity, and a weak trade-off relationship with soil retention or water conservation. There is a synergistic relationship between basin water environmental capacity, soil retention and water conservation.