社区老年人跌倒效能的调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of the fall efficacy of the elderly people in the community

目的 :针对上海市徐汇区长桥街道65岁以上老年人进行跌倒效能分析,为制订社区综合防治策略提供依据。方法 :于2019年8—10月间,采取等距抽样方法抽取上海市徐汇区长桥街道的老年人作为研究对象进行问卷调查,共发放问卷110份,回收有效问卷107份,问卷有效回收率97.3%。结果 :110名老年人的汉化版国际跌倒效能量表总均分为(55.02±12.19)分,老年人在年龄、婚姻状况和运动状况方面的跌倒效能得分差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,跌倒效能得分与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.452,P <0.001),与婚姻状况呈负相关(r=-0.521,P=0.002),与运动状况呈正相关(r=0.692,P <0.001)。将跌倒效能得分作为应变量,性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况和运动状况作为自变量进行多因素线性回归分析,结果显示共2个变量进入回归方程,为年龄与运动状况。结论 :对社区居民进行早期健康教育、良好生活方式宣传及心理建设非常重要,通过实施医疗、心理和社会功能的多重管理,增强患者的自我效能感,有效促进防跌倒良性循环。

Objective:To analyze the fall efficacy of the elderly over 65 years old in Changqiao Community,Xuhui District,Shanghai to provide a basis for formulating comprehensive community prevention strategies.Methods:From August to October,2019,the elderly people in Changqiao Community of Xuhui District,Shanghai were selected as the research objects by equidistant sampling method,a total of 110 questionnaires were distributed,107 valid questionnaires were recovered,and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 97.3%.Results:The total average score of the Chinese version of the international fall energy scale of 110 elderly people was(55.02±12.19)points,and there were significant differences in the fall efficacy scores of the elderly in terms of age,marital status and sports status(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that fall efficacy score was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.452,P<0.001)negatively correlated with marital status(r=-0.521,P=0.002)and positively correlated with exercise status(r=0.692,P<0.001).The scores of fall efficacy were used as dependent variables,and gender,age,education level,marital status and sports status were used as independent variables for multivariate linear regression analysis,and the results showed that two variables entered the regression equation,namely age and exercise status.Conclusion:It is very important to carry out early health education,good lifestyle propaganda and psychological construction for community residents,and through the implementation of multiple management of medical,psychological and social functions,the selfefficacy of patients can be enhanced and the benign cycle of fall prevention can be effectively promoted.