中国水产品WTO/SPS特别贸易关注分析及对策建议

Analysis of WTO/SPS special trade concerns related to aquatic products of China and China’s coping strategies

本文梳理和汇总了1995—2019年SPS例会上讨论的与水产品相关的特别贸易关注内容。从特别贸易关注的数量、成员分布、主题和解决情况四个方面分析了涉及水产品的特别贸易关注,并着重剖析了中国水产品贸易关联的特别贸易关注情况。SPS例会中与中国有关的水产品特别贸易关注共有10项,占所有水产品特别贸易关注总数的47.6%。中国提出关注与被关注的WTO成员主要集中在美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区。水产品贸易受限和检疫、质量安全监管措施是中国水产品出口贸易比较关注的技术壁垒,进境水产品检疫或监管措施是中国被关注的主要议题。为了充分利用WTO特别贸易关注机制,提高中国在WTO/SPS例会中应对和提出特别贸易关注的能力,维护中国水产品进出口贸易利益,中国应重视水产品技术性贸易措施通报评议工作和中国水产品技术性贸易措施体系的构建;强化国际沟通合作,充分发挥多边应对作用;积极参与国际标准化工作,构建与国际接轨的水产品质量安全标准体系。

The special trade concerns(STCs)related to aquatic products discussed on the SPS committee from 1995 to 2019 are classified and summarized.This study analyzes the STCs involving aquatic products from four aspects,including the number of STCs,the distribution of member states,themes and solutions,and discusses the STCs related to the aquatic product trade of China in detail.A Total of 10 specific trade concerns related to China were raised on SPS regular meetings.It accounts for 47.6%of the total special trade concerns related to aquatic products.The related members were mainly concentrated in the United States,European Union and other developed economies.Aquatic products trade restriction and quarantine,quality and safety supervision measures were the main technical barriers for China’s export trade of aquatic products.Quarantine or supervision measures of entry aquatic products have become the main subject of concern toward China.Using WT O’s STC mechanism to improve the ability of China’s response and submission of the specific trade concerns on WTO/SPS regular meetings,and safeguard the import and export trade benefits of China’s aquatic products,it is necessary to think more seriously about the appraisal for the reporting of technical trade measures for aquatic products and the construction of technical trade measures system for aquatic products in China;strengthen international communication and cooperation and give full play to the role of multilateral response;actively participate in international standardization work,and build a quality and safety standard system of aquatic product in line with international standards.