农地经营权抵押融资探索

Farmland Management Right Mortgage Financing:Dilemma and Outlet

农村土地经营权抵押融资是一项创新的农村金融制度,拓展了农户、农业公司等新型经营主体融资的途径。随着“三权分置”政策的推行以及新修订的农村土地承包法的实施,农地经营权抵押融资成为破解农业生产融资难题的新突破口。但在理论上,如何合理表达土地权利结构以及如何理解土地经营权的性质仍存在很大的争议。同时,在土地经营权抵押融资的实践中也存在着种种难题。本文认为:“所有权-承包经营权-经营权”为最合理的土地权利表达结构,其符合权利展开的逻辑规律;土地经营权在性质上为物权而非债权,土地经营权的物权定性与“三权分置”改革的价值目标相一致;在土地经营权抵押融资当中,政府应当发挥积极的作用,建立有效的价格评估机制以解决土地经营权定价问题,构建土地经营权处置机制以降低银行放贷的风险。

the mortgage financing of rural land management right is an innovative rural financial system, which expands the financing channels of farmers, agricultural companies and other new business entities. With the implementation of the "separation of three rights" policy and the implementation of the newly revised rural land contract law, the mortgage financing of agricultural land management right has become a new breakthrough to solve the financing problems of agricultural production. But in theory, how to reasonably express the structure of land rights and how to understand the nature of land management rights are still controversial. At the same time,there are many problems in the practice of mortgage financing of land management right. This paper holds that "ownership contract management right management right" is the most reasonable expression structure of land rights, which conforms to the logic law of rights development;the nature of land management right is property right rather than creditor’s right, and the property nature of land management right is consistent with the value goal of the reform of "separation of three rights";in the mortgage financing of land management right, the government should play a positive role To establish an effective price evaluation mechanism to solve the problem of land management right pricing, and to build a land management right disposal mechanism to reduce the risk of bank lending.