从“祖业观”到“集体观”:宅基地制度改革与地权观念演变——基于江西余江的考察

Homestead System and Evolution of Land Right Concept:Based on the Investigation of Yujiang in Jiangxi Province

论文通过余江宅基地制度改革的案例,呈现了农民“祖业”产权观念到“集体”产权观念的演变。“祖业观”下的宅基地产权具有象征性、继替性、家族福利性等特征,是嵌入乡土社会的宅基地产权实践规则;宅基地制度改革的政策要求是践行生产资料公有制背景下的集体土地所有制,具有政治公平属性、国家控制性、社区公共性。“集体观”的现代化规则与“祖业观”的乡土社会规则之间存在张力。余江宅基地制度改革通过培训教育的国家塑造机制、精英引领的社会示范机制、精准宣传的家庭动员机制以及村规民约的规则约束机制,践行了宅基地集体产权属性,形塑了农民集体化的产权观念。

Through the case of Yujiang homestead system reform,this paper presents the evolution of farmers property rights concept from“ancestral property”to“collective”property rights.The homestead property right under the“ancestral view”has the characteristics of symbolism,succession and family welfare.It is the practical rule of homestead property right embedded in the local society.The policy requirement of homestead system reform is to practice the collective land ownership under the background of public ownership of means of production,which has the attributes of political equity,national control,community publicity,and“collective right”.There is tension with the local social rules of“ancestral property right”.Through the national shaping mechanism of training and education,the social demonstration mechanism led by elites,the family mobilization mechanism of precise publicity,and the rule constraint mechanism of village rules and regulations,Yujiang homestead system has implemented the collective property right attribute of homestead and shaped the property right concept of farmers collectivization.