手足口病270例流行病学特征及防控管理策略分析

Epidemiological characteristics of 270 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and the prevention and control strategies

目的分析手足口病流行病学特征及防控管理策略。方法选取2017年1月—2019年12月广东医科大学顺德妇女儿童医院收治的270例手足口病患儿,对其临床资料进行分析,讨论防控管理策略,为完善临床手足口病治疗提供依据。结果270例患儿手足口病发病年龄分布依次为2~3岁、4~5岁、1岁及以下、5岁以上,所占比例分别为51.48%,27.41%,15.19%,5.92%;270例患儿手足口病发病时间高峰期为4,5,6月和9,10,11月,发病比例均超过10%;270例患儿手足口病病原学总阳性检出率为88.15%,其中柯萨奇病毒A16型(CoxA16)阳性检出率为30.00%,柯萨奇病毒A6型(CoxA6)阳性检出率为20.74%;肠道病毒71型(EV71)阳性检出率为11.85%,其他肠道病毒阳性检出率为25.56%。结论根据手足口病发病年龄、时间及病原学检测结果等流行病学特征落实相关防控策略,早期诊断治疗手足口病,可减少传染发生,促进幼儿健康。

Objective To explore and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 270 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)and the prevention and control strategies.Methods A total of 270 children with HFMD who were admitted to the hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 were selected as the subjects.The children's clinical data were analyzed to discuss the prevention and control strategies,so as to provide a basis for improving the clinical treatment of HFMD.Results The age distribution of HFMD in the 270 children was 2-3 years old,4-5 years old,1 year old and under 1 year old,over 5 years old,accounting for 51.48%,27.41%,15.19%and 5.92%respectively.The peak time of HFMD in the 270 children was April,May,June,September,October and November,and the incidence rate was higher than 10%.The etiological total positive detection rate in the 270 children with HFMD was 88.15%,and the positive detection rate of Coxsackie virus A16(CoxA16)was 30.00%.The positive detection rates of Coxsackie virus A6(CoxA6)and enterovirus 71(EV71)were 20.74%and 11.85%.Other enteroviruses were positive in 71 cases,with a positive detection rate of 25.56%.Conclusion Relevant prevention and control strategies should be implemented according to the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD,such as age,time and pathogenic test results to diagnose and treat the disease early,reduce the incidence of infection,and promote the health of young children.