北宋海外贸易陶瓷之考察

A Survey to the Northern-Song Ceramic Products for Trade Overseas

北宋是海外陶瓷贸易相对平缓的一段时期,但贸易活动并未中断。北宋早中期,贸易陶瓷在五代宋初基础上渐进发展,越窑青釉瓷和景德镇窑青白釉瓷构成了稳定组合。北宋中期晚段是贸易陶瓷的转变期,闽广地区以外销为主的窑场迅速兴起并占据了海外市场的主体。其中广州、潮州、泉州窑场主要面向东南亚及西印度洋地区,福州窑场主要面向日本。北宋末期,闽南、广西窑场青白釉瓷繁盛,龙泉窑青釉瓷崛起,潮州、漳州产品亦见于日本。此时,东西方贸易陶瓷品类组合都趋于复杂化。

The ceramic trade overseas was never suspended but advancing steadily in the Northern-Song dynasty, during which trading ceramics of the early-middle period was developing in a gradual way based on the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, with the Yue Kilns’ green-glazed wares and the Jingdezhen Kilns’ white-glazed wares making the major goods for export. In the late-middle period, the manufacturers of ceramics grew fast in Fujian and Guangdong region with the intention of dominating the overseas markets and they succeeded, of which Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Quanzhou as the suppliers for the Southeast Asia and the West Indian Ocean while Fuzhou as the sources for the markets of Japan. By the late Northern Song dynasty, the ceramic production has been expanding to the Southern Fujian and Guangxi whose green-white-glazed ware was in blossom, accompanied by the rising of the green-glazed ware in Longquan. In addition, the ceramic products of Chaozhou and Zhangzhou were also exported to Japan. By then, the ceramic products for export had made more types from multiple sources.