跨断层土木工程研究与实验装置研发现状

RESEARCH STATUS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES ACROSS FAULTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES FOR FAULT SIMULATION

确保跨地震断层土木工程结构和设施的安全,减轻因断层错动造成的工程灾害损失是建设具有韧性的土木工程系统无法回避的难题。随着我国重特大工程建设向深地、深海和中西部地区的转移,跨断层土木工程安全问题日益突出。通过对近年来典型大地震断层区的地质、工程结构和设施灾害的回顾与分析,指出开展跨断层土木工程结构和设施的破坏性实验研究、研发断层模拟实验装置的必要性和紧迫性。分析阐述了国内外跨断层土木工程结构和设施的损伤和破坏机制与减灾技术研究现状,探讨了借助地震振动台模拟断层运动开展跨断层结构试验研究存在的问题,总结了地震断层模拟实验装置研发面临的主要难题。以期能为断层模拟试验装置的研发、设计制造、规划建设和相关试验研究提供参考与借鉴。

How to ensure the safety of structures and facilities across seismic faults and to mitigate losses due to fault dislocation are of a great significance in the development of resilient engineering systems. With the transfer of the construction of major and mega-projects to the deep ground, the deep sea and the central and western regions, the safety problem of civil engineering across faults has become increasingly prominent. This paper reviews the characteristics of faults and structural damage states related to the large earthquakes within recent years, and points out the necessity and urgency of carrying out destructive tests on crossing-fault structures and facilities, as well developing associated simulation programs. In addition, this study summarizes the state-of-theart research progress on typical damaging mechanism of crossing-fault structures and facilities and discusses the limitations of simulating cross-fault damages by using currently available shaking tables. The objective of the study is to provide a reference and a guidance for the development of fault simulation device, and for the related researches on equipment manufacture, and for experimental design and planning.