不同栽培模式下金花茶的光合特性及品质分析

Analysis on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality of Camellia nitidissima in Different Cultivation Models

以金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)为试验材料,对不同栽培模式下金花茶的光合特性及品质进行评价,以期为林下栽培金花茶提供理论依据。结果表明,金花茶在模式1(密度6.0 m×7.5 m印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus)林下套种2.0 m×2.5 m金花茶)和模式2(密度4.0 m×5.0 m印度紫檀林下套种2.0 m×2.5 m金花茶)下净光合速率(Pn)较高,生长更快;模式2下金花茶花蕾数量最多,花中总多酚(7.02%)及总多糖含量(3.26%)均较高,叶片中总黄酮(21.88%)和总多酚含量(3.39%)的整年平均值最高;模式3(密度5.0 m×6.0 m荔枝林下套种2.0 m×2.5 m金花茶)常年透光率较低,导致金花茶Pn低,生长缓慢,花蕾数量最少,花中总多酚含量较低,叶片中总黄酮和总多酚含量的整年平均值最小。金花茶适宜种植在一定栽培密度的落叶林下,落叶林春夏季枝叶茂密为金花茶遮荫,秋冬季落叶有利于金花茶吸收阳光,促进其在较低气温条件下生长、开花,提高金花茶花及叶中主要活性成分含量。

Camellia nitidissima were used as experimental materials.Photosynthetic characteristics and quality of C.nitidissima in different cultivation models were studied to provide theoretical basis for cultivation of C.nitidissima in forests.Results showed that net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of C.nitidissima was higher and grew faster in model 1(planting 2.0 m×2.5 m C.nitidissima in 6.0 m×7.5 m Pterocarpus indicus forest)and model 2(planting 2.0 m×2.5 m C.nitidissima in 4.0 m×5.0 m P.indicus).In model 2,number of buds and contents of total polyphenols(7.02%)and total polysaccharides(3.26%)in flowers were higher,and annual average values of total flavonoids(21.88%)and total polyphenols(3.39%)in leaves were the highest.C.nitidissima had low Pn and slow growth due to low light transmittance throughout the year in model 3(planting 2.0 m×3 m C.nitidissima in 5.0 m×6.0 m Litchi chinensis forest).In this model,C.nitidissima had least bud number and lower content of total polyphenols in flowers,and annual average values of total flavonoids and total polyphenols in leaves were the least.C.nitidissima was suitable for planting under deciduous forest with certain cultivation density.In spring and summer,luxuriant deciduous forests created shade for C.nitidissima,while falling leaves in autumn and winter could help C.nitidissima to absorb sunlight,which could promote growth and flowering at lower temperature,and increase contents of main active ingredients in flowers and leaves.