杉木采穗圃建立与扦插育苗技术研究

Study on Establishment of Scion Nursery and Cuttage Technique of Cunninghamia lanceolata

通过不同的母株栽植方式、萌芽采芽批次及方式、扦插月份及基肥施用的对比,开展杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)采穗圃建立及扦插育苗技术研究。结果表明,直栽和斜栽对母树初期生长及萌芽影响显著,母株生长稳定后,萌条数量差异不显著。母株栽植后萌发的前两批萌条质量较差,第一批萌条扦插成活率和抽梢率分别为75.80%和67.76%,极显著低于第三批萌条的扦插成活率(93.31%)和抽梢率(94.44%);紧贴根颈采芽和保留3 mm左右根桩采芽对采芽后新芽萌发速度影响显著,紧贴根颈采芽将导致后期采芽时间推迟约20天。在扦插季节,应保留3 mm左右根桩采芽,在非扦插季节,除萌时应紧贴母株根颈剪除萌芽。基肥施用对萌条成活率影响不大,但对萌条生根、抽梢及后期生长有明显的促进作用。4—6月萌条成活率较高,7—9月气温较高,扦插成活率明显降低。

Different planting methods of mother plants,batches and methods of bud collection,cuttage months and base fertilizer application were compared to study establishment of scion nursery and cuttage technique of Cunninghamia lanceolata.Results showed that there were significant influences on initial growth of mother plants and germination between vertical planting and oblique planting,but there was no significant difference in sprout number when growth of mother plants was stable.The first two batches of sprouts had poor quality after mother plants were planted,and cuttage survival rate and extraction rate of the first sprout batch were 75.80%and 67.76%,respectively,which were significantly lower than cuttage survival rate(93.31%)and extraction rate(94.44%)of the third sprout batch.There was significant impact on germination rate between bud collection closed to root crown and bud collection above about 3 mm stump root.Bud collection closed to root crown would delay collection time about 20 days.In cuttage season,buds should be collected above about 3 mm stump root,and in non-cuttage season,buds should be collected closed to root crown.Base fertilizer application had little effect on survival rate of cuttage,however,it had promote effect on rooting,shooting and growth of cuttings.Survival rate of cuttage was higher from April to June.From July to September,survival rate of cuttage decreased obviously due to high temperature.