长江经济带城乡居民福祉测度及其差异

The Gap between the Well-Being of Urban and Rural Residents in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

通过构建城乡居民客观发展指数、主观幸福感指数和福祉差异系数,分析了2005-2015年长江经济带城镇、乡村居民福祉水平及其差距的动态变化过程和空间差异,探讨其影响因素与作用机制。结果表明:1)长江经济带及各省城乡居民福祉均呈上升趋势,区域城镇和乡村居民福祉指数分别由2005年的0.665 3、0.5704提高至2015年的0.761 5、0.683 0,上中下游由低到高的梯度变化明显。2)城镇居民福祉水平略高于乡村,城乡居民福祉差距呈缩小趋势,城乡居民福祉差异系数由2005年的1.166 3降低至2015年的1.114 8,下游缩小幅度相对较大。3)经济因素是影响长江经济带城乡居民福祉水平及差距的主要因素,且乡村居民福祉受经济因素的拉动效应更为明显。4)城乡居民福祉水平除经济因素外,还与基础设施、精神文化、社会管理、基本住房、生态环境等因素有关,因此经济水平高的地区福祉水平并不一定高于经济水平低的地区。5)社会主义新农村与美丽乡村建设、精准扶贫战略、城乡一体化发展战略的实施,有效促进了乡村居民福祉水平的迅速提升,在缩小城乡居民福祉水平差距中发挥了重要作用。

The integrated development of urban and rural areas has become an important development strategy in China in the new era.Its ultimate goal is to jointly improve the well-being of urban and rural residents and reduce the gap in well-being that exists between them.Drawing from the 2019 Human Development Index evaluation framework from a comprehensive subjective and objective perspective,this study constructed an objective development index,a subjective well-being index,and a well-being difference coefficient between urban and rural residents.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research area,this study explored the dynamic development process and spatial differentiation characteristics of urban and rural residents’well-being and revealed the influencing factors and mechanisms behind them.It is expected to help understand the process of urban–rural integrated development from the perspective of well-being as well as provide guidance for promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The main conclusions reached were as follows:1)The well-being of urban and rural residents in the Yangtze River Economic Belt gradually increased,from 0.6653 and 0.5704 in 2005 to 0.7615 and 0.6830,respectively,in 2015.The upper,middle,and lower reaches of this region showed a gradient change from low to high,while the overall spatial difference decreased.2)The well-being level of urban residents was slightly higher than that of rural residents,and the gap gradually narrowed from 1.1663 in 2005 to 1.1148 in 2015.The well-being gap of urban and rural residents in the upper,middle,and lower reaches showed a high to low gradient change;Among them,the gap in the lower reaches has narrowed relatively greatly.3)The well-being levels of urban and rural residents and the gap between them were greatly affected by economic factors,and the pulling effect of economic growth on the well-being of rural residents was more obvious than that of urban residents,while the spatial distribution of urban and rural residents’well-being was generally positively correlated with the economic pattern.At the same time,it was found that the level of well-being was also related to factors such as urban and rural infrastructure,cultural construction,social management,basic housing security,and ecological environment.Therefore,the well-being level of regions with high economic levels was not necessarily high.4)The gap in economic,social public services,and security levels between urban and rural areas,as well as the gap in income,health,and social status of urban and rural residents,are the main reasons why this gap between the two types of residents has always existed.The implementation of China’s new socialist countryside and beautiful countryside construction,targeted poverty alleviation strategies,urban-rural integration development strategies,and a series of"supporting farmers"and"benefits"policies have effectively promoted the improvement of the well-being of rural residents and narrowed the gap between that of their urban counterparts.