供应·质量·流动:对制造业高技能人才队伍建设的思考--基于美国制造业劳动力规划的四项任务分析

High-skilled Talent Team Construction in Manufacturing:Based on the Analysis of Four Tasks of American Manufacturing Workforce Planning

智能制造是全球制造业变革的重要方向,而人才则是实施和实现智能制造的重要支撑。吸引和壮大未来制造业劳动力队伍,更新和拓展职业技术教育途径,推进学徒制和行业认可证书的获得,以及提高技术劳动力与行业能力需求的技能匹配,构成美国先进制造业劳动力规划的四项主要任务。通过劳动力多样性增加制造业劳动力供应,以制造业为重点的STEM教育与基于资格认证的非传统学习途径保障劳动力供应质量,以及通过劳动力与制造业两个层面供应能力的扩大及其匹配,实现制造业劳动力的良性流动,构成美国先进制造业人才规划的基本特征,对我国制造业高技能人才队伍建设具有一定启示意义。

Smart manufacturing is an important direction of the global manufacturing revolution,and talents are the important support for its implementation and realization.The Advanced Manufacturing Workforce program in the United States will be achieved by pursuing four objectives including attracting and growing tomorrow's manufacturing workforce,updating and expanding career and technical education pathways,promoting apprenticeship and access to industry-recognized credentials and matching skilled workers with the industries that need them.The four basic characteristics have been identified under workforce strategy for American advanced manufacturing:diverse labor supply in the manufacturing sector,STEM education with a focus on manufacturing and non-traditional learning channels based on qualifications to ensure the quality of labor supply and expanding the capacity of domestic manufacturing supply chains to achieve healthy development and mobility of manufacturing labor.The above characteristics have certain implications for the construction of the manufacturing high-tech talent team in China.