西藏宗堡建筑的军事防御性设计

MILITARY DEFENSIVE DESIGN OF TIBETAN DZONGS

宗堡建筑是藏文化地区一种特殊的传统建筑类型,其主要特点是兼具军事防御和行政管理功能。从军事防御的角度对西藏宗堡建筑的建筑选址、功能布局、防御构筑以及交通组织等方面的系统性防御性设计进行分析,从层级空间布局、竖向空间结构和平战结合的交通系统三个方面阐述其军事防御设计的特点,并进一步以江孜宗山抗英战役,说明西藏宗堡建筑军事防御设计在实际战争中的具体作用和效果。最后总结了宗堡建筑所内涵的军事防御设计理念以及对遗产保护的意义。

Dzong is a special type of traditional architecture in the Tibetan culture area.Its main characteristics are of both military defense and administrative management functions.From the perspective of military defense,the systematical defensive design of Tibetan Dzongs in terms of the site selection,functional layout,defense construction and traffic organization was analyzed,and the military defensive design characteristics were expounded from three aspects:the hierarchical spatial layout,vertical spatial structure and transportation system for peacetime and wartime.Furthermore,the specific role and effect of the military defensive design for Tibetan Dzongs in actual wars were illustrated by a case analysis on the military campaign of fighting against British Army invasion the Gyantse Dzong.Finally,the military defensive design concept of Tibetan Dzongs and its significance to heritage protection were summarized.