《反垄断法》设置数字经济专章研究

Research on the Establishment of a Special Chapter on the Digital Economy in the Anti-Monopoly Law

平台、数据、算法的三个维度改变了工业革命时代形成的基础经济结构和社会结构。数字经济在诸多方面与工业经济有所不同,根植于工业经济逻辑的传统反垄断规则并不适配数字经济领域反垄断需求。对于数字经济反垄断规范体系,可以采取“专章规定+指南+部门规章”并存的形式。在针对工业经济的《反垄断法》主干之外,在法律修订中设置针对数字经济的专章,解决传统反垄断法律框架对于数字经济竞争规制的乏力问题,实现立法成本与效率的兼容,有助于工业经济与数字经济协调发展。中国在数字经济领域具有一系列制度优势、规制经验和规范实践,且国外也有规范实例,都为设置数字经济专章研究提供基础。在数字经济专章中应当关注数据/流量垄断,引入必要设施原则,以数据及流量对价支付为基础构建相关市场界定的新方法,并积极强化事前监管。

The three dimensions of platform,data and algorithm have changed the basic economic structure and social structure formed in the industrial revolution era.The digital economy is different from the industrial economy in many aspects.The traditional antitrust rules rooted in the logic of the industrial economy do not fit the antitrust needs of the digital economy.For the digital economy anti-monopoly regulatory system,the coexistence of"special regulations+guidelines+departmental regulations"can be adopted.In addition to the backbone of the"Anti-Monopoly Law"for the industrial economy,a special chapter for the digital economy is set up in the legal amendment to solve the problem of the traditional anti-monopoly legal framework for the regulation of digital economy competition,and to achieve the compatibility of legislative costs and efficiency.Contribute to the coordinated development of industrial economy and digital economy.China has a series of institutional advantages,regulatory experience and normative practices in the field of digital economy,and there are also normative examples abroad,all of which provide the basis for the establishment of a special chapter on the digital economy.In the special chapter on digital economy,we should pay attention to data/flow monopoly,introduce the principle of necessary facilities,build a new method of relevant market definition based on data and flow consideration payment,and actively strengthen prior supervision.