论数据不正当竞争的演进与规制

On the Evolution and Regulation of Unfair Competition of Data

数据能为市场主体带来显著竞争优势并驱动发展。当前,数据竞争日益激烈,数据不正当竞争纠纷呈爆发之势,以数据不当获取、不当使用以及数据质量瑕疵等不正当竞争类型为主。在数据竞争相关制度供给不足的情况下,司法实践主要通过个案明确数据竞争规则。在认定数据不正当竞争时,应从更宏观的角度理解数据竞争关系,应赋予对数据收集整理付出诚实劳动的竞争者数据竞争性权益,数据的获取和使用应获得授权许可并且不能对其他竞争者的产品形成实质性替代。为有效规制数据不正当竞争,可以借鉴日本反不正当竞争法,在“互联网专条”中增加数据不正当竞争类型,适用《反不正当竞争法》“一般条款”时应保持谦抑性,注重消费者利益保护,积极适用行为保全制度。

Data can bring significant competitive advantages to market players and drive development.Nowadays,data competition is becoming increasingly fierce,disputes over the unfair competition of data are breaking out and are mainly manifested in three types:improper data acquisition,improper data use and data quality defects.In the case of insufficient supply of relevant systems of data competition,the judicial practices mainly clarify the rules of data competition through individual cases.In determining the data unfair competition behavior,competitive relationship of data should be understood from a more macroscopic perspective,competitors who have done honest work in data collection and sorting should be given competitive rights,the acquisition and use of data shall be licensed and shall not form a substantial substitution for the products of other competitors.In order to regulate the unfair competition of data effectively,it is possible to add the type of unfair competition of data to the"Internet Special Article"by learning from the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of Japan,keep modest when applying the'general provisions',pay more attention to the protection of consumers'interests,apply the behavior preservation system actively.