1918-1939德国的民主化、民族主义和它的战争

1918-1939 Democratization,Nationalism and Its war in Germany

第一次世界大战后,威权主义的德意志第二帝国崩溃,民主化进程中的魏玛共和国打破了德国的威权主义传统,代之以广泛的民众参与,原先被俾斯麦的强权政治所控制的德国民族主义,在民主化的共和国中肆意发展着,伴随着当时特殊的政治和经济危机,最终导致了德国严重的分裂与对立,从而使共和国陷入政治危机,在德国民族主义肆虐的背景下,人们为了解决这种危机转而选择了以纳粹党为代表的专制主义,企图通过专制主义来加强国家能力,最终使得德国走向了战争。本文通过对德国民族主义的历史和魏玛共和国的民主化进程论述,分析了德国的民主化和民族主义的关系,并最终如何引导德国走向战争。

After the First World War,the authoritarian German Second Empire collapsed.The Weimar Republic in the process of democratization broke the German authoritarian tradition and replaced it with extensive public participation.German nationalism,originally controlled by Bismarck’s power politics,developed in a democratic republic,accompanied by a special political and economic crisis at the time,eventually led to serious division and opposition in Germany,which caused the Republic to fall into a political crisis.In the context of German nationalism,to resolving this crisis people chose the authoritarianism represented by the Nazi Party in an attempt to strengthen national capabilities through authoritarianism,which eventually led Germany to war.Through the discussion of the history of German nationalism and the democratization process of the Weimar Republic,this paper analyzes the relationship between German democratization and nationalism,and finally how to guide Germany to war.