洛扎吐蕃摩崖石刻中的历史人物、地名及其相关问题

A Study on the Historical Figure in the Cliff Carvings of the Tubo Period in Lhozhag County,Lhoka Prefecture of Tibet

文章在原有研究基础上,对洛扎县两处吐蕃摩崖石刻的历史背景、杰堆古墓之墓主人身份等问题做了进一步分析。认为石刻中的历史人物即德麦·第乌穷,是吐蕃牟尼赞普(797-798在位)时期的三大家臣之一。后因协助母妃蔡邦氏毒杀赞普(牟尼赞普)、辅佐幼子赤德松赞(约798-815在位)上位有功,故其死后赞普加以厚葬,并命洛扎东岱(千户组织)负责守护、修缮其家族墓地。根据目前所掌握的史料,德麦死后,其法事优隆;法事活动,同时也是一次高规格的盟誓活动,有吐蕃四茹(四翼)之尚伦臣(舅臣)和工噶波等小王参与;通过盟誓活动,赞普承诺保护其父及子嗣之家族田产等。可见德麦为吐蕃重要历史人物,其相关史料的发现对研究8世纪末、9世纪初的吐蕃社会历史具有重要参考价值。

Based on the previous research,this article further analyzes the historical background of two cliff carvings from the Tubo(ancient Tibet)in Lhozhag County and the identity of the tomb owners of Gyedwui Ancient Tombs.It is believed that the historical figure in the rock carvings is Demai Diwuchong,who was one of the three great ministers during the reign of King Muni Tsanpo(mu-ne-bzhan-po,797-798).Later,because he assisted a concubine of King Trisong Detsen(khri-srong-lde-btshan)in poisoning the King Muni Tsanpo and helping her son Tride Songtsan(khri-lde-srong-bzhan,798-815)to throne,after his death the king granted him an elaborate funeral and appointed a thousand household in Lhozhag to guard and maintain the tombs of his family.According to the historical materials available now,it can be found that after the death of Demai Diwuchong,the religious ritual on his funeral was very grand,and the ritual was a ceremony of making a pledge,which was attended by ministers and princes.On the ceremony the king promised to protect Demai’s father,heirs and family’s estate.Thus,it can be seen that Demai was an important historical figure in the Tubo period,and the discovery of the relevant historical materials of the figure is of great reference value to the study of the society and history of the Tubo in the late 8th and early 9thcenturies.