基于纳米材料的中枢性镇痛药电化学传感器研究进展

Progress in Research of Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Central Analgesics

对近十年中枢性镇痛药(主要是可待因、曲马多、美沙酮、芬太尼等)纳米电化学传感器的发展进行评述,指出纳米材料在该类药物检测中发挥了重要作用,应用广泛。总体来看,所使用的纳米材料类型多样,结构特征丰富,并通过诸多手段进行表征,极大推动了材料科学的发展。相关电化学传感器大量用于人体尿样、血样等实际生物样品中药物及其代谢产物的分析,具有较高的临床实用价值。为提高检测灵敏度,今后应重点关注三维结构纳米材料的制备、新型纳米光电材料的开发及传感器的微型化等三个方面。

A review is conducted on the development of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for central analgesics(mainly on codeine,tramadol,methadone,fentanyl)in the last decade.It is pointed out that nanomaterials,being widely used,play an important role in the detections of the above drugs with fruitful achievements in scientific research.Generally,the nanomaterials used are of various types.They are rich in structural features,and are characterized by many means,which greatly promotes the development of material science.The nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors are widely applied in the analysis of the drugs and their metabolites existing in biological samples including human urine and blood,which proves to be of high value in clinic.To improve the sensitivity of detection,much attention should be paid to the three aspects:the fabrication of three-dimension nanomaterials,the development of new nano-photoelectric materials and the miniaturization of sensors.