北京市西城区活产新生儿出生体质量异常现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of abnormal birth weight of newborns in Xicheng District, Beijing

目的探讨北京市西城区活产儿出生体质量异常的分布特征及影响因素。方法采用统一编制的调查表进行调查,收集2016年1月至2018年12月北京市西城区新街口社区卫生服务中心信息系统的3 552例活产新生儿数据。分析出生体质量分布情况,采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析出生体质量异常的相关因素。结果新生儿平均出生体质量为(3 308.65±484.91) g,低出生体质量儿和高出生体质量儿分别占4.62%和6.28%。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,剖宫产为低出生体质量儿和巨大儿的共同危险因素;孕周≥37的新生儿低出生体质量的发生风险是孕周<37新生儿的0.02倍[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.01~0.03)];产妇职业为企业工作人员及孕前超重、肥胖为高出生体质量的危险因素。结论北京市西城区低出生体质量儿和高出生体质量儿的占比较高,需加强育龄期妇女的孕期保健工作,重点加强对高危孕妇的管理,以减少出生体质量异常的发生。

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of birth weight abnormalities of newborns in Xicheng District,Beijing.Methods A unified questionnaire was used to conduct the survey and collect 3552 newborns from the information system of the Xinjiekou Community Health Service Centerin Xicheng District,Beijing from January 2016 to December 2018.The distribution of birth weight was analysed,and the disordered multi-class Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related risk factors of abnormal birth weight.Results The average birth weight of newbornsin Beijing was(3308.65±484.91)g.The low and high birth weight accounted for 4.62%and 6.28%,respectively.The disorderly multi-class logistic regression suggested that caesarean section was a common risk factor for low birth weight and macrosomia,and the risk of low birth weight for newborns with a gestational age of≥37 is 0.02 times than that of a newborn with a gestational age of<37(OR=0.02,95%CI 0.01 to 0.03).Maternity occupations are enterprise staff,and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are risk factors for high birth weight.Conclusion In Xicheng District,Beijing,the proportion of low birth weight babies and high birth weight babies is relatively high,which is necessary to strengthen pregnancy health care for women of childbearing age,and focus on reinforcing the management of high-risk pregnant women to reduce the occurrence of abnormal birth weight.