重大疫情期间民事权利的限制与保护

Restrictions and Protection of Civil Rights during Major Pandemic

重大疫情期间,社会进入紧急状态,国家和政府会采取严格的管控政策和措施,此时公权力迅速扩张、集中,而私权利则会受到克减、限制甚或剥夺,其主要表现为对自由权、隐私权、个人信息权的限制。重大疫情期间,对民事权利的限制具有现实的合理性,其背后的价值判断是为了保障全体民众的生命权、身体权、健康权,此时个体则有容忍义务;但公权力机构所实施的管控政策和措施必须严格遵循法治底线、恪守人类文明底线,而不能突破公共利益底线,更不能借以侵犯民众民事权利、践踏人格尊严。

During a major pandemic,society entered a state of emergency.The state and government will adopt strict control policies and measures,and public power rapidly expanded and concentrated,while individual's rights can be derogated,restricted or even deprived,which mainly manifested as restrictions on freedom,privacy,and per⁃sonal information.Restrictions on civil rights during major pandemic are realistic and reasonable and the value judg⁃ment behind it is to protect the right to life,body and health of all people when individuals have an obligation to toler⁃ate.But the control policies and measures implemented by public authorities must strictly abide by the bottom line of the rule of law,adhere to the bottom line of human civilization,and must not breach the bottom line of public inter⁃est,let alone use this as an excuse to violate the basic rights of the people and trample on human dignity.