论清代纲盐制特点及其存在价值

On the Characteristics and Existing value of Gangyan System in Qing Dynasty

纲盐制在清前中期存在了将近二百年(1644-1832),备受王朝统治者青睐,成为大清帝国管理盐业经济的基本国策,个中缘由应该与纲盐制的特点及其存在价值分不开。清代的纲盐制源于明代的纲盐制,是在消除旧盐制弊端的基础上产生的,具有三大特点:消除了食盐产运销领域的自由竞争、专卖盐商身份及特权的世业化和专卖盐商丧失了独立商人身份。其存在具有三大价值:管理价值——可实现王朝政府对专卖盐商及盐政事务的严格管控;救急价值——可解决王朝政府意外财政的不时之需;防弊价值——可限制权势人物对盐政事务的任意干扰。

The Gangyan system existed for nearly two hundred years in the early and middle period of the Qing Dynasty(1644~1832).It was always favored by the rulers of the dynasty and became the basic national policy for the Qing Empire to manage the salt industry.The reason should be inseparable from the characteristics and existing value of the salt system.The salt system in the Qing Dynasty originated from the salt system in the Ming Dynasty and came into being on the basis of eliminating the disadvantages of the old salt system.It has three major characteristics:the elimination of free competition in the field of transportation and marketing of salt products,the globalization of the identity and privileges of monopoly salt merchants,and the loss of independent merchant identity.Its existence has three major values:management value,which can realize the strict control of the dynasty government over salt merchants and salt administration affairs;emergency value,which can solve the unexpected financial needs of the dynasty government;and malpractice prevention value,which can limit the arbitrary interference of powerful people on salt affairs.