《说文解字》从“又”诸字归部理据探索

Analysis of the Rules of Classification of Chinese Characters that Consists of the Component of“You”in Shuowen Jiezi

《说文解字》中存在由同一个义符参构的一组会意字被分散归入各部的现象,这与同义符的形声字(单形)都归入一部的归部原则不符,且许多字是包含多个义符的多义符合体字,《说文》选择某一义符归部的原则不明。以《说文》从“又”字为例,分析部属字中纯表意字、多形形声字、注阙字、亦声字的归部理据,发现其归部基本遵循着“以类相从”的原则,少数例外是由自身字形特点和《说文》部首制约导致的,只能按“据形系联”的方法归部。

In Shuowen Jiezi,there is a phenomenon that a group of Huiyi characters of the same semantic symbol are scattered and grouped into different parts.This is inconsistent with the principle that the pictophonetic characters(single forms)of same semantic symbol characters are all classified into one part,and many words are polysemous character with multiple semantic symbols,the principle of sclecting a certain semantic symbol in Shuowen is not clear.In this paper,taking the character consists of the component of“You”in Shuowen as an example,it analyzes the rationale for the classification of ideographic characters,the phonogram characters that have many pictographs,Zhuque characters,and Yisheng characters in the subordinate characters.It is found that its classification basically follows the principle of“arranging characters by meaning”,with a few exceptions caused by the characteristics of its own font and the restriction of the radicals of Shuowen,and can only be cassifed according to the method of‘arranging characters by font"。