生命权力能否切中现实生命:生命政治的文明面及其当代建构

Can Life Power Reach Real Life:Civilization of Biopolitics and Its Contemporary Construction

作为一种治理技艺,生命政治的文明面表征的是生命权力能否切中现实生命的问题。在以福柯和阿甘本为代表的生命政治理论家看来,权力技术切中的只是生物性生命,而精神性生命则被权力技术所褫夺。这就意味着,他们在实质上是反生命政治的,其目的在于揭示生命政治所隐匿的暴力,从而错失了对生命政治文明面的哲学建构。实际上,生命权力与现实生命及其相互关系并非生命政治理论家所虚构的那样单一和片面。一方面,现实生命是社会性的,它内涵着生物性与精神性的统一;另一方面,生命权力是过程性的,它是技术性和目的性的统一。因此,生命权力与现实生命之间的关系不仅表现为权力技术与生物性生命之间的配置关系,还表现为目的性权力与精神性生命之间的填充关系,而这当中就自在地蕴含着生命政治的文明面。具体到当代社会背景,尤其是在疫情防控常态化的当下,要想建构生命政治的文明面并将其提升到自为的层次,不仅需要对治理主体和治理手段进行理性重塑和价值定向,更需要对治理环境进行科学诊断和正义重构。

As a kind of governance skill,the civilized aspect of biopolitics represents whether the life power can reach the real life. In the view of biopolitics theorists represented by Foucault and Agamben,power technology only focuses on biological life,while spiritual life is deprived by power technology. That means,in essence,they are opposed to biopolitics and their purpose is to reveal the hidden violence of biopolitics,thus missing the civilization of biopolitics. In fact,the life power and the real life are not as single and one-sided as the biopolitical theorists make up. On one hand,real life is social,which means the unity of animality and spirituality;on the other hand,life power is a process,which is the unity of technicality and the sense of purpose. Therefore,the relationship between life power and real life is not only the configuration relationship between power technology and biological life,and it also shows the filling relationship between purposive power and spiritual life. There is a civilized aspect of biopolitics. In the contemporary society,in order to construct the civilized aspect of biopolitics,it is not only necessary to remodel the subject’s reason and orientate the means of governance,and more necessary to conduct scientific diagnosis and justice reconstruction of governance environment.